Passive poice
dan Curriculum Vitae
Nama : Nana Komarudin
Npm : 19210413
Kelas : 4ea15
Grammar
Kalimat passive adalah
suatu kalimat yang subjeknya ddikenai pekerjaan. Dalam hal ini yang akan di
singgung adalah kalimat passive dalam bentuk:
-
Present
-
Past
-
Present perfect
Bila kalimat active
present tense maka kalimat passive dapat di bentuk sebagai berikut:
S + Be + Past Participle (kata kerja III)
Contoh:
Active : I give a book
Passive : a book is given by me
Active : he gives two books
Passive : two books are are given by him
Passive : a book is given by me
Active : he gives two books
Passive : two books are are given by him
Bila
kalimat active past tense maka kalimat passive dapat dibentuk sebagai berikut;
Active : they dropped me to the station
Passive : I was dropped by them to the station
Passive : I was dropped by them to the station
Bila
kalimat active present perfect, maka kalimat passive dapat di bentuk sebagai
berikut:
Active : I have boiled an egg
Passive : an egg has been boiled by me
Passive : an egg has been boiled by me
Khusus
untuk pola passive present tense
S + Has + Been Past
Participle atau S + Have been + past participle
In Encounter 4 we
learned how passive sentences are formulated
1. Active Voice
S
+ V
a.
Simple Present
Tense
This store sells
only children clothing
b.
Present
Continuous Tense
The manufacturer
is advertising this product in all the newspaper
c.
Simple Past
Tense
Buyers returned
a lot of these item
d.
Present Perfect
Tense
The agent has
stopped the distribution of these item
e.
Simple Future
Tense
Only customer will
use this facility
2. Passive Poice
S
+ Be + V3 (past participle)
a.
Simple Present
Tense
only children’s
clothing is sold in this shop
b.
Present
Continuous Tense
This product is
being advertised (by the manufactures) in all the newspaper
c.
Simple Past
Tense
A lot of these
item were returned (by buyyers)
d.
Present Perfect
Tense
The distribution
of merchandise has been stopped by agent
e.
Simple Future
Tense
This facility
will be used by customer only
Passive and Active Voices
Verbs
are also said to be either active (The executive committee approved
the new policy) or passive (The new policy was approved by the
executive committee) in voice. In the active voice, the subject and verb
relationship is straightforward: the subject is a be-er or a do-er and the verb
moves the sentence along. In the passive voice, the subject of the
sentence is neither a do-er or a be-er, but is acted upon by some other agent
or by something unnamed (The new policy was approved). Computerized grammar
checkers can pick out a passive voice construction from miles away and ask you
to revise it to a more active construction. There is nothing inherently wrong
with the passive voice, but if you can say the same thing in the active mode,
do so (see exceptions below). Your text will have more pizzazz as a result,
since passive verb constructions tend to lie about in their pajamas and avoid
actual work.
We
find an overabundance of the passive voice in sentences created by
self-protective business interests, magniloquent educators, and bombastic
military writers (who must get weary of this accusation), who use the passive
voice to avoid responsibility for actions taken. Thus "Cigarette ads were
designed to appeal especially to children" places the burden on the
ads — as opposed to "We designed the cigarette ads to appeal
especially to children," in which "we" accepts responsibility.
At a White House press briefing we might hear that "The President was
advised that certain members of Congress were being audited" rather than
"The Head of the Internal Revenue service advised the President that her
agency was auditing certain members of Congress" because the passive
construction avoids responsibility for advising and for auditing. One further
caution about the passive voice: we should not mix active and passive
constructions in the same sentence: "The executive committee approved
the new policy, and the calendar for next year's meetings was revised"
should be recast as "The executive committee approved the new policy
and revised the calendar for next year's meeting."
Take
the quiz (below) as an exercise in recognizing and changing passive verbs.
The
passive voice does exist for a reason, however, and its presence is not always
to be despised. The passive is particularly useful (even recommended) in two
situations:
- When it is more important to draw our attention to the person or thing acted upon: The unidentified victim was apparently struck during the early morning hours.
- When the actor in the situation is not important: The aurora borealis can be observed in the early morning hours.
The
passive voice is especially helpful (and even regarded as mandatory) in
scientific or technical writing or lab reports, where the actor is not really
important but the process or principle being described is of ultimate
importance. Instead of writing "I poured 20 cc of acid into the
beaker," we would write "Twenty cc of acid is/was poured into
the beaker." The passive voice is also useful when describing, say, a
mechanical process in which the details of process are much more important than
anyone's taking responsibility for the action: "The first coat of primer
paint is applied immediately after the acid rinse."
We
use the passive voice to good effect in a paragraph in which we wish to shift
emphasis from what was the object in a first sentence to what becomes
the subject in subsequent sentences.
The executive committee approved an entirely new policy for
dealing with academic suspension and withdrawal. The policy had been written
by a subcommittee on student behavior. If students withdraw from course work
before suspension can take effect, the policy states, a mark of "IW"
. . . .
The paragraph is clearly about this new policy so it is
appropriate that policy move from being the object in the first sentence
to being the subject of the second sentence. The passive voice allows for this
transition.†
Passive Verb Formation
The
passive forms of a verb are created by combining a form of the "to be
verb" with the past participle of the main verb. Other helping verbs are
also sometimes present: "The measure could have been killed in
committee." The passive can be used, also, in various tenses. Let's take a
look at the passive forms of "design."
Tense
|
Subject
|
Auxiliary
|
Past
Participle |
|
Singular
|
Plural
|
|||
Present
|
The car/cars
|
is
|
are
|
designed.
|
Present perfect
|
The car/cars
|
has been
|
have been
|
designed.
|
Past
|
The car/cars
|
was
|
were
|
designed.
|
Past perfect
|
The car/cars
|
had been
|
had been
|
designed.
|
Future
|
The car/cars
|
will be
|
will be
|
designed.
|
Future perfect
|
The car/cars
|
will have been
|
will have been
|
designed.
|
Present progressive
|
The car/cars
|
is being
|
are being
|
designed.
|
Past progressive
|
The car/cars
|
was being
|
were being
|
designed.
|
A
sentence cast in the passive voice will not always include an agent
of the action. For instance if a gorilla crushes a tin can, we could say
"The tin can was crushed by the gorilla." But a perfectly good
sentence would leave out the gorilla: "The tin can was crushed."
Also, when an active sentence with an indirect object is recast in the passive,
the indirect object can take on the role of subject in the passive sentence:
Active
|
Professor Villa gave Jorge an A.
|
Passive
|
An A was given to Jorge by Professor Villa.
|
Passive
|
Jorge was given an A.
|
Only
transitive verbs (those that take objects) can be transformed into passive
constructions. Furthermore, active sentences containing certain verbs cannot be
transformed into passive structures. To have is the most important of
these verbs. We can say "He has a new car," but we cannot say "A
new car is had by him." We can say "Josefina lacked finesse,"
but we cannot say "Finesse was lacked." Here is a brief list of such
verbs*:
resemble
|
look like
|
equal
|
agree with
|
mean
|
contain
|
hold
|
comprise
|
lack
|
suit
|
fit
|
become
|
Verbals in Passive Structures
Verbals or
verb forms can also take on features of the passive voice. An infinitive
phrase in the passive voice, for instance, can perform various functions
within a sentence (just like the active forms of the infinitive).
- Subject: To be elected by my peers is a great honor.
- Object: That child really likes to be read to by her mother.
- Modifier: Grasso was the first woman to be elected governor in her own right.
The same is true of passive gerunds.
- Subject: Being elected by my peers was a great thrill.
- Object: I really don't like being lectured to by my boss.
- Object of preposition: I am so tired of being lectured to by my boss.
With passive participles, part of the passive
construction is often omitted, the result being a simple modifying participial
phrase.
- [Having been] designed for off-road performance, the Pathseeker does not always behave well on paved highways.
REF :
1. Inggris grammar lengkap sitem cepat tepat oleh Drs,
Herman Basuki. Peny Kapsah, B.A. Mary Piara Suripto penerbit : “Anugerah
Surabaya”
2. LBPP LIA EXPLORE 4 INTERMEDIATE STUDENT
3. BOOKhttp://grammar.ccc.commnet.edu/grammar/passive.htm
Curriculum Vitae
* Personal Data
Name : Nana Komarudin
Place , Date of Birth : Bekasi, 06 October 1990
Gender : Male
Religion : Islam
Address : RT 004 RW 001 Kp.Mariuk
Gandamekar West Cikarang - Bekasi
Telephone : -
HP : 089630402330
Email : nanakomarudin@gmail.com
* Educational Background
Formal .
1997 - 2003 : Elementary School Gandamekar 02
2003 - 2006 : Junior High School 01 Nihayatul Amal
2007 - 2010 : High School Daar El-Qolam Tangerang
* Educational Background
Formal .
1997 - 2003 : Elementary School Gandamekar 02
2003 - 2006 : Junior High School 01 Nihayatul Amal
2007 - 2010 : High School Daar El-Qolam Tangerang